Beginning in the early 1970s and continuing into the post - cold war era , the u . s . foreign policy - making system has been transformed from the relatively closed and presidentially dominated system into a more open and pluralistic system 自20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)特別是冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,美國(guó)外交決策系統(tǒng)由原來(lái)的相對(duì)集中和由總統(tǒng)占?jí)艛嗟匚幌蛞粋€(gè)開(kāi)放和多元的系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)變。
Recognising that primary healthcare needs in hong kong are met by a pluralistic system of providers including general practitioners and specialists in internal medicine , fm , paediatrics and other fields , ha introduced a two - year general practitioner training programme in 2002 - 03 . the objective is to provide new graduates who cannot be absorbed by the various specialist training programmes with additional general practitioner training and clinical exposure before they eventually work in the community as generalists 醫(yī)管局考慮到本港的基層健康護(hù)理服務(wù)是由各類不同的醫(yī)生提供(包括普通科醫(yī)生,以及內(nèi)科、家庭醫(yī)學(xué)、兒科和其他范疇的??漆t(yī)生) ,因而在二二三年度開(kāi)辦了為期兩年的普通科醫(yī)生訓(xùn)練課程,目的是為未能被各個(gè)??朴?xùn)練計(jì)劃吸納的新畢業(yè)生,在他們以普通科醫(yī)生資格于社區(qū)服務(wù)前,提供進(jìn)一步的普通科醫(yī)生訓(xùn)練和臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
From the perspective of property right , firstly , juridical person administration should be perfected , the system of modern universities and colleges should be built up ; secondly , the pluralistic system of property right structure in public universities and colleges should be realized ; thirdly , the stimulation discipline mechanism should be established which the runners in universities and colleges can extort residual properties ; finally , efficient property management system should be established in public universities and colleges 基于產(chǎn)權(quán)視角的公立高校治理,首先,需要完善法人治理,建立現(xiàn)代學(xué)校制度;其次,實(shí)現(xiàn)公立高校產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)多元化體制;第三,建立公立高校經(jīng)營(yíng)者剩余索取權(quán)的激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制;最后,建立有效的公立高校國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理制度。